Sunday, December 7, 2008 - 3:20 PM
Barack Obama's chief economic adviser was one of the youngest people to be tenured at Harvard and later became its president. His budget director went to Princeton and the London School of Economics, his choice for ambassador to the United Nations was a Rhodes scholar, and his White House counsel hit the trifecta: Harvard, Cambridge and Yale Law.... [S]keptics say Obama's predilection for big thinkers with dazzling résumés carries risks, noting, for one, that several of President John F. Kennedy's "best and brightest" led the country into the Vietnam War. Obama is to be credited, skeptics say, for bringing with him so few political acquaintances from Illinois. But, they say, his team reflects its own brand of insularity, drawing on the world that Obama entered as an undergraduate at Columbia and in which he later rose to eminence as president of the Harvard Law Review and as a law professor at the University of Chicago.... The Ivy-laced network taking hold in Washington is drawing scorn from many conservatives, who have in recent decades decried the leftward drift of academia and cast themselves as defenders of regular Americans against highbrow snobbery. Joseph Epstein wrote in the latest Weekly Standard -- before noting that former president Ronald Reagan went to Eureka College -- that "some of the worst people in the United States have gone to the Harvard or Yale Law Schools . . . since these institutions serve as the grandest receptacles in the land for our good students: those clever, sometimes brilliant, but rarely deep young men and women who, joining furious drive to burning if ultimately empty ambition, will do anything to get ahead." The libertarian University of Chicago law professor Richard Epstein, who is not related to Joseph Epstein, worries that the team's exceptionalism could lead to overly complex policies. "They are really smart people, but they will never take an obvious solution if they can think of an ingenious one. They're all too clever by half," he said. "These degrees confer knowledge but not judgment. Their heads are on grander themes . . . and they'll trip on obstacles on the ground." All agree that the picks reveal something about Obama, suggesting he will make decisions much as he did in the U.S. Senate -- by bringing as many smart people into the room as possible and hearing them out.... [Nicholas] Lemann said Obama's penchant for expertise seems tempered with a respect for people who had, like Obama, left the path to academic jobs or big law firms to run for public office.And then there's the New York Times' Frank Rich:
The stewards of the Vietnam fiasco had pedigrees uncannily reminiscent of some major Obama appointees. McGeorge Bundy, the national security adviser, was, as Halberstam put it, “a legend in his time at Groton, the brightest boy at Yale, dean of Harvard College at a precocious age.” His deputy, Walt Rostow, “had always been a prodigy, always the youngest to do something,” whether at Yale, M.I.T. or as a Rhodes scholar. Robert McNamara, the defense secretary, was the youngest and highest paid Harvard Business School assistant professor of his era before making a mark as a World War II Army analyst, and, at age 44, becoming the first non-Ford to lead the Ford Motor Company. The rest is history that would destroy the presidency of Lyndon Johnson and inflict grave national wounds that only now are healing. In the Obama transition, our Clinton-fixated political culture has been hyperventilating mainly over the national security team, but that’s not what gives me pause. Hillary Clinton and Robert Gates were both wrong about the Iraq invasion, but neither of them were architects of that folly and both are far better known in recent years for consensus-building caution (at times to a fault in Clinton’s case) than arrogance. Those who fear an outbreak of Clintonian drama in the administration keep warning that Obama has hired a secretary of state he can’t fire. But why not take him at his word when he says “the buck will stop with me”? If Truman could cashier Gen. Douglas MacArthur, then surely Obama could fire a brand-name cabinet member in the (unlikely) event she goes rogue. No, it’s the economic team that evokes trace memories of our dark best-and-brightest past. Lawrence Summers, the new top economic adviser, was the youngest tenured professor in Harvard’s history and is famous for never letting anyone forget his brilliance. It was his highhanded disregard for his own colleagues, not his impolitic remarks about gender and science, that forced him out of Harvard’s presidency in four years. Timothy Geithner, the nominee for Treasury secretary, is the boy wonder president of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. He comes with none of Summers’s personal baggage, but his sparkling résumé is missing one crucial asset: experience outside academe and government, in the real world of business and finance. Postgraduate finishing school at Kissinger & Associates doesn’t count.There are a few other examples of stories like this, but I think you get the drift. These stories are just as overblown as the "team of rivals" meme. Halberstam's "best and brightest" were known primarily as brilliant scholars before they joined the Kennedy administration. While many Obama's major appointments are smart, none of them besides Larry Summers have any extensive experience working at an Ivy League institution. Indeed, as Lemann observed in the Post above, Obama likes people who have stepped away from the academy. The other irony is that the undercurrent of these stories contradicts the overt theme. The undercurrent is progressive dissatisfaction with Summers, Geithner, and others who worked for Robert Rubin. The critics' suggestion for how to correct for this bias? Apparently, they should hire more academics. Rich writes, "In our current financial quagmire, there have also been those who had the wisdom to sound alarms before Rubin, Summers or Geithner did. Among them were not just economists like Joseph Stiglitz and Nouriel Roubini." See Michael Hirsch and Josh Marshall as well. So, really, this "best and brightest" critique is kind of an unholy alliance between conservatives grasping at straws to criticize the Obama transition and progressives who feel screwed over by the economic appointments. [But aren't the progressives right? Wouldn't Stiglitz be a smart pick for an administration position?--ed. Um... no, because this overlooks the fact that, based on his DC experiences in the nineties, Joe Stiglitz's managerial, bureaucratic, and political skills are all really, really bad. Furthermore, his writings since that time suggest that the DC experience has curdled rather than improved on these skills.]
On your first point, I don't think you're fully allowing for the social changes between the 1950's and the 2000's. My impression is that you used to have the world of business and the world of academia (which offered jobs to most public intellectuals). Over time there has been a proliferation of think tanks, nonprofits, and financial institutions these days. And law has become much more of an avenue to politics and government than it used to be (and academia less of an avenue, except maybe for economists). So, Obama's picks are likely to have more diverse careers than JFK's.
I remember the praise accorded McNamara (he and his whiz kids actually tamed the Pentagon, or so it seemed to LBJ and me in 1965) for intellectual firepower, which seems to be the same sort of awe Summers seems to inspire. We must hope that Obama is a better judge than LBJ.
Barack Obama's critics on the left are correct about one thing: credentials are fine, but an appointee's record matters too.
To leftish critics this means mostly what appointees have said in the past, but it's also true with respect to what they have accomplished. Past achievement is no guarantee of future success; both Dean Rusk and Colin Powell, for example, were highly (and rightly) praised for their performance in other jobs before failing at the State Department. However, some realism is called for when assessing what people have gotten done that might make it likely they could succeed in the offices to which they are being named. People like Tim Geithner and Gen. Jones pass that test, or seem to at this point in time. Sec. Gates does, obviously, and so do Eric Holder and Tom Daschle.
I've already made clear that I don't think Hillary Clinton does at all. Her record in the Senate has won praise for collegiality and hard work, but at a time when the Senate (also the House) allowed itself to decline in relevance on the major issues with which government must deal. Nor is there much of a trail of Clinton accomplishments as a legislator to follow, and of course with respect to the Bush administration policies on Iraq and other subjects that she opposed Clinton was completely ineffectual. As First Lady she succeeded in not getting in the way of foreign policy in her husband's administration, but otherwise her reputation rests on her celebrity and record as a campaigner -- which historically are not good predictors of success in the State Department.
I actually agree with people concerned that a shared academic background can produce a provincial outlook, and it's probably not healthy for such a large country to have the top of its government populated primarily who think and talk like one another. So, far, though, Obama seems to have done pretty well as far as designating nominees for senior positions who can handle them without creating trouble for him, with the one significant exception noted above. I do have some concern that the emerging structure of the Obama administration may yield in practice more than one situation in which there are too many chiefs -- or cooks in the kitchen, or whatever similar metaphor one wishes to use -- who see themselves as policy makers rather than policy implementers. As President, Obama may find the task of managing these situations more problematic than the suitability of individual appointees for their positions.
Bill: This meme isn't any more persuasive if you allow for the social changes you mention. If you expand from the academy to think tanks, you only net one other person (Susan Rice). None of the other picks have spent much time in NGOs or other non-profits.
There appear to be only two commonalities among all of Obama's appointees: prior government experience, and prior basketball experience.
Stiglitz's writings over the past few years have been just awful. Obama's appointments have been somewhat encouraging, a big question being whether he really does believe himself to be first and foremost a 'citizen of the world', and how far his internationalism extends. For example, are we really going to start giving $800b dollars more to the UN in this economic climate, as the bill he co-sponsored earlier this year mandates? Are we really going to get draconian on carbon emissions just when the Europeans seem to be bowing to the economic realities? All this while going back on our trade agreements? His appointments seem to argue that a lot of that was just campaign rhetoric.
On a related note, the latest fiasco on Wall Street should be reason enough to shut down all of the Ivy MBA programs for about 50 years.
The meme that most of the really smart people go to the "Top 20" schools in whatever field has done immeasurable damage in Washington, and now our leaders have an irresistable urge to believe there are no smart people between Philadelphia and the California border.
Speaking from experience, one of the best benefits of an Ivy League education is that you realize that many of the best and the brightest do go to such schols. As do a large number of total dimwits.
I kind of come down where Zathras does -- Obama is creating a cabinet of significant ability and significant egos which will mean that his "no drama" campaign style is unlikely to carry over into his presidency. My read on Obama is that he is not intimmidated by these guys -- he is fully confident in his ability to smack somebody down when necessary. The question is how well will he deal with the Washington culture that inflicts death by a thousand leaks. My guess is he is going to have problems with people who feel it ther right and duty to take their hurt feelings to the media.
This entire argument is fatuous to begin with. Many well-accomplished people have been the product of higher education and many numskulls have been the product of higher education. Trying to vilify well educated people off baseless arguments like "well the architects of Vietnam were intellectuals" has no credence whatsoever.
After our era of "who do ya wanna have a beer with" human resources, I'm willing to cast my lot with some people who were able to withstand academic rigors.
http://chaosoutoforder.wordpress.com/
That God we have at least one person who went to Cambridge. World crisis over. Please tell me that there are not too many people who went to Oxford to screw it up...
"Um... no, because this overlooks the fact that, based on his DC experiences in the nineties, Joe Stiglitz's managerial, bureaucratic, and political skills are all really, really bad. "
And Summers' skills didn't s*ck the big one at Harvard, just as much? Aside from his 'bell curve fo the b*tches' talk at Harvard, he also managed to p*ss off everybody there on other matters, *and* covered for his friend Schlieffer, paying (IIRC) $25 million of *Harvard* money to cover for a crony friend's crimes. That's the sort of crony capitalist attitude which brought the crisis on.
In addition, Summers' 'deregulate or bust' attitude in the 1990's helped to get us the 'deregulated and busted' situation today. He should be decorating the Wall St gallows (or maybe Harvard, but we could flip a coin), not being rewarded for helping to break the system.
Daniel W. Drezner is professor of international politics at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University.
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