Saturday, December 27, 2008 - 5:27 AM
The New York Yankees represent the very worst of America. Overstatement? Consider the times. Cornerstone industries are faltering, taxpayers are being asked to bail out mismanaged financial institutions and their overpaid CEOs, and decent, hard-working men and women are being laid off or worrying that they could be next. Now consider the eight-year, $180 million contract the Yankees reportedly handed first baseman Mark Teixeira Tuesday. Stack it on top of the $161 million deal signed by pitcher CC Sabathia and the (relatively) modest $82.5 million promised to A.J. Burnett and you have the most egregious display of financial irresponsibility in the history of sports. The Yanks' insane overspending would be bad for baseball in the best of times. These are not the best of times.... What's wrong here is obvious. It's also not really new. Unlike the NFL, NBA and NHL, baseball has no salary cap. Those leagues do not have caps for the sheer, unbridled joy of finding loopholes and exceptions. They have them as part of an effort to maintain some kind of competitive balance among teams from different-size markets in disparate parts of the country.Sheridan's response is pretty typical of non-Yankee fans -- which is disturbing, because it's so wrong on so many levels. First, it would be awesome if American corporations acted more like the Yankees. One cause of the deepening recession is that firms are afraid to do anything other than hold cash in hand at the moment. The smart ones should invest in expansion -- capital is ridiculously cheap right now and they'll be well-poised once the economy takes off again. If enough firms acted that way, the economy actually would take off again. In signing these players, the Yankees have made long-term investments while keeping their expenditures constant relative to last year's payroll. Given their move to a new stadium, their revenues should increase. They have made these moves in order to improve their chances of competing. That's how corporations should behave. As for Sheridan's point about competitive balance -- well, let's go to Joe Posnanski, who has some useful data on this point:
it always gives me great comfort to see the following facts: -- Over the past 10 years, eight different teams have won the World Series. In all, 15 teams made the World Series -- half of the teams in baseball. -- Over the past 20 years, 14 different teams have won the World Series. In all 22 teams made the World Series. Now, we're at more than two-thirds who have reached the Series. -- Over the last 30 years, 20 different teams have won the World Series, and only four -- Cubs, Mariners, Rangers and the Expos/Nationals -- have failed to get there... I'm not saying that the Yankees will not win in 2009 -- that's an awfully good team now, absolutely the best that money can buy. But just remember that key fact: 20 teams have won a World Series in the last 30 years. And by comparison: -- Only 14 teams have won the Super Bowl over the last 30 years. -- Only 14 different men have won Wimbledon over the last 30 years. -- Only 13 teams have won the Stanley Cup over the last 30 years. -- Only nine teams have won an NBA title over the last 30 years.It is telling that the team sports with salary caps actually have more dynasties than baseball. In baseball, more money can make the Yankees better, but it can't guarantee them anything. As a Red Sox fan, I'm perfectly happy to have the rest of America hate the Yankees along with me. Holding them up as the symbol of what's wrong with the country, however, is pretty ludicrous. UPDATE: Thanks to YFSF, I see that Dan Szymborski has made a similar argument over at Baseball Think Factory:
The Yankees do spend more money than other teams in MLB, but the differences would be less drastic if the payrolls of many teams had been rising up to the waves of new cash that have entered baseball in recent years. Going by the NFL formula, very generous considering the MLBPA is far more powerful an entity than any other union in sports, the payroll floor for 2009 would almost certainly be in the $100 million range. 58% of league revenue, as the players in NFL get, would be, in baseball, an average team payroll of a hair under $120 million. It's pretty clear that while the Yankees are outspending everyone comfortably, the rest of baseball has just as much to do with the payroll disparity as the Yankees do. Now, what about the Yankee mindset? The Steinbrenners aren't anywhere near as rich or as liquid as some other owners in baseball such as Carl Pohlad of the Twins. The difference is that the Steinbrenners have always invested in their team, always striven to put the best product possible out on the field. The Yankees have certainly made some terrible trades, especially when King George was hands-on the most, but they were done with the motive of making the team better. Yes, the Yankees got a huge, undeserved payday from the locals for their stadium, like most teams in baseball did, but it's a mitigating factor that they're actually plowing those funds back into the on-field product. And the team never threatened to not compete until they got their sweet check. Perhaps a small difference, but I see it as a good bit more ethical than Kevin McClatchy demanding taxpayer moneys to help the Pirates compete and then turn around and use all the money to fund his failing media empire.
Valid points, but that's still no excuse for defending the Evil Empire.
Competitive balance is not about preventing dynasties. Dynasties are great. What competitive balance means is that most teams have a realistic shot at being competitive if managed well. In the NFL, this is the case. In baseball, it is not.
Simon: really? Can you name me a baseball team that has been managed well but is uncompetitive? Citing Manny Acta doesn't count, since once could most charitably characterize the Jim Bowden era as... uneven.
What might be more accurate to say is that, in baseball, it takes longer for an incompetently managed small-market club to claw its way back to competitiveness... though it's not clear to me that it takes more time than it does in football.
My knowledge of baseball rosters is probably insufficient to make my point effectively, but how about Pittsburgh? I'm not saying they were managed brilliantly, but they have done a decent job with the resources they have, and yet they have no chance at winning. (Compare the Pirates situation to that of the Steelers.)
Maybe I should state my point differently, though. Do we really want to have a sports league where some competitors have such a big advantage at the start? They may squander their advantage, as the Yankees often do, but nevertheless this does not seem like the best way to run things. I think it is in the long-term interest of baseball to have a larger percentage of its teams develop a wide fan base, instead of relying on the excitement of the Red Sox-Yankees battles (which are only exciting to me when the Yankees lose!).
One way to help might be to add another New York team or two, to cut back on the Yankees' NY market share. 60 years ago we had three teams. Why only two now, with the baseball market so much larger?
They can spend all the money they want, but things will never be the same; New Yorkers will never again experience that heart-warming thrill of knowing that they will inevitably crush the souls of Red Sox fans time and time again. It was a true delight, and something of a rite of passage for every Yankee fan to watch the deep sorrow, the despondency of Red Sox fans after yet another wrenching improbable loss. It was as if it was fated for the Red Sox to lose, and yet their fans, like someone touching a hot stove, dared to hope, and then had those hopes crushed. The curse has been broken, and the world hasn't been the same since.
I fear for our children...
Simon: Until they fired Neal Huntington last year, Pittsburgh had done an AWFUL job with the resources they had. They drafted incompetently (the contrast with Tampa Bay is stark here) and traded for Matt Morris when no one else would have him.
I would love for there to be a third New York team, but that ain't gonna happen.
Regarding competitive balance: The owners have long despised the Yankees spending habits, but competitive balance is not something they seek. If they did, the luxury tax revenues owners of the Marlins and Pirates receive would be spent on player's salaries not pocketed. Also, owners repeatedly exclude potential owners who might follow the Yankees model (see Mark Cuban's failed attempts to buy the Cubs and the backlash Angels owner Artie Moreno has received for competing with the Yankees in the free agent market).
The Yankees would support a salary cap, by the way. The problem is not Steinbrenner family, it is Donald Fehr and the Players Union.
Baseball has a farm system that ensures some balance no matter how much money is spent on the major league level. The Atlanta Braves spent 15 years using their farm system to manufacture successive playoff teams. It is ridiculous to compare a baseball club (with rookie A, short A, long A, AA, and AAA plus winter leagues) to the NFL (practice squad)or the NBA (The D-League). Steinbrenner's expenditure of money is always ridiculous because he does so at the expense of his farm system. If he put 400 million down the chain, he could improve a lot of lives in this economy instead of just those of three players.
Wait - the salary cap in football and basketball is a direct result of inequality in the league. Of the last 30 years, only ~half of those years had a salary cap in the NFL. Previous to 1992, only a handfull of teams made to - and won - the championship.
In the 15 years since '92, 11 teams have won the superbowl with 13 different teams making an appearance, including long running jokes indy, baltimore, and tampa bay. Traditional sad-sacks Seattle, philly, tennessee, chicago, atlanta, carolina and san diego all made the superbowl. the salary cap was implemented to specifically address inequality, and now division champs routinely turn over from year-to-year, while half the league has at least made it to the superbowl.
Also, dynasties really skew equality when equality is measured solely by championships. I suspect that's why you went back 30 years instead of 20, because the yankee numbers would've disproved your point. Instead of comparing relative eras, you compare pre and post cap eras to avoid saying baseball has indeed been dominated by two teams in the last 20 years with a few recent exceptions.
Two other notes: comparing sports teams to corporations is problematic, as sports teams have fans while corporations have shareholders. Fans have no say over how their teams are being run.
Also, serendipity is the number one factor to a teams' success. Green Bay acquiring Favre, NE drafting Tom Brady in the sixth round... some teams are well managed and maintain consistent levels of success through the years, but serendipity remains the alph and the omega in sports.
Which is all to say: apples and oranges. Our economy doesn't need NY's hyper-capitalistic mindset. NY's model is unsustainable for the rest of the country, and pretty soon, we'll be propping up our ventures with massive debt again.
"It is telling that the team sports with salary caps actually have more dynasties than baseball. In baseball, more money can make the Yankees better, but it can’t guarantee them anything."
Sure it does. It guarantees they'll be competitive. How many divisional titles did the Yankees win in a row? Once in the playoffs, all bets are off. But over the course of 162 games, the most talented, deepest teams have big advantages.
I won't pretend to know what's best for the economy. But in baseball the yankees have more resources than any other mlb team. Teams could be more like the Yankees, but they don't have the resources to be the yankees. So the very premise of your argument is flawed.
"I would love for there to be a third New York team, but that ain’t gonna happen."
That's probably true. But how about someone starting a competing professional baseball league? Two teams in NY could be the foundation.
losing teams' continuing failure and non-competitiveness can be placed upon management. losers are poor in the area that is most significant, talent evaluation. they continue to be guided by player appearances ("he looks like a ball player"), or raw numbers, ("he runs a 4.2 forty"), too many great players haven't passed these tests but have turned into great players. it is as if they don't watch the game or the players; they have preconceived notions of what should be as opposed to what is happening before them.
plus there is also the basic reality of big time sports, you can make money with a losing team as well as with a winning team. that fact along with incompetence and laziness trumps everything else.
[...] do it right December 27, 2008 — Richard by bobster1985 I wish the Yankees symbolized the American economy: [Via danieldrezner.com :: Daniel W. Drezner] It kills me to write this post, but I’m about [...]
I think the consistency of different teams making the world series is a difficult measure to qualify. For one, as a lifelong baseball player, I think inherent in the game is inconsistencies, it's difficult to figure who will be consistently good individually year to year. Also, you didn't seem to note, the reason it's not 20 different teams in the last 20 years is because the team that spent the most won 4 of them. And by spent the most, it was wildly disproportionate, even to who spent the second most. Additionally, you don't seem to include two more things. One, the teams making the playoffs in the last 12 years (which is about when the spending started so that should be the measuring time) have been pretty much the same. Also, of those teams not making the playoffs, they are always the same teams. Sure that's partly due to bad management, but it's certainly due to money as well.
With all that said, here is a non salary cap brilliant plan for revenue tax that I think could do a lot for the sport. http://www.east-coast-bias.com/2008/12/mlb-luxury-tax-modest-proposal.html
"how about someone starting a competing professional baseball league? Two teams in NY could be the foundation."
It's been done, but not recently. The most recent serious attempt was the Federal League of 1914-1915. The problem nowadays is that the current organization of baseball makes this essentially impossible to attempt today.
To have any shot at drawing fan interest you have to have plausibly legitimate major league caliber players, including at least some stars. Where would a new league get these players? Virtually all players of that caliber are already playing in the majors. So you have to persuade a bunch of these guys to jump ship. Back in the day you could hope to do this for two reasons: player salaries were manageable, so you could offer more than they were making already; and player contracts were (probably, and widely assumed to be) unenforceable, so you didn't face lawsuits from the established leagues.
You also need a venue. Where are you going to play? There are a few surplus facilities kicking around. The upstart DC team could play at RFK. But where would a Philly team play? The Vet was imploded after Citizen's Bank was completed. There are college parks, but unlike the situation with football there are none with anything near the capacity needed. A stadium suitable for major league baseball is a narrowly specialized item and there tend not to be extras kept in waiting. So the upstart team owners would have to build from scratch. Presumably they couldn't extort the funding from municipalities the way established leagues often do, so it would have to be on the owners' own dime. Back in the days of the Federal League ballparks were far more modest affairs. This was the era when parks were transitioning from wood to concrete construction, so you could still get away with throwing up a grandstand and a few bleachers in just a month or two.
There are in fact professional baseball leagues outside of organized baseball. They go by the collective name of "independant leagues". They make no pretense of being major league caliber. The best, such as the Atlantic League, like to toss around the claim that they are AA level: respectable without being comically overstated. Some skepticism is in order, but more like high A is plausible on their good days. They get their players from various sources. Undrafted college players is the largest; former players, both major and minor, hoping for the phone to ring is another; reputedly some major league organizations have deals for indies to take foreign players when the major league organization runs out of visas; then there is the occasional former star who would rather play baseball than golf. Rickey Henderson hung around for years this way.
Some teams have very nice modern ballparks, often built by municipalities wanting a minor league team and unconcerned about the distinction between organized and independant ball. But the key to the whole thing is that there is no pretense of major league status. There are teams in Bergen and Camden, New Jersey, for example, which co-exist just fine with their major league neighbors.
Bill James had a good discussion about this back during the last strike season. His contention was that 1) MLB needed to come up with SOME sort of revenue sharing ensure that that small market teams would remain competitive over the long (think decades-long) term, and that 2) this wasn't going to happen, because the structural setup of the league's fiscal negotiations (owners vs. players) prevented the true natural alignment (large-market owners vs. players and small-market owners) from forming long enough to restructure MLB's revenue distribution.
But he also noted that this is not exactly new or different. Look at MLB history from 1900-1970 (the Reserve Clause Years). Some teams were always or nearly always competitive; the A's in Philadelphia, the Yanks, the Cardinals, the Dodgers and Giants. Some teams, though, never won, never even came close to winning: the Browns in St. Louis, the Indians, the A's in KC, the Senators. Without the cash to buy players, without any real revenue base to get the cash, without any kind of winning tradition or example to get the guys' heads straight...
IMO the simplest solution would be to order the maor league teams to divest themselves of their minor league affiliates and have no contact with those teams for, say, ten years. It'd be a mess; teams would fold, teams would move, upstart leagues would open and shut...but the present situation gives us major league baseball in Seattle and Chicago but nothing in Portland or Boise or Nashville. Why shouldn't those other cities have the chance at their own version of "major league ball"? Freeing the minors seems like a good place to start...
There's one problem with Dan Szymborski's analysis. You have to remember the distribution of revenue is completely different in baseball than in football. The broader-based TV-revenue sharing deal makes it possible for small-market teams to tap into the revenue pie in the NFL than it does in baseball.
The Yankees, and to be fair the Mets and Red Sox as well, benefit disproportionately from their TV deals, getting a far larger share of the overall MLB revenue, allowing them to have payrolls that would not only meet, but vastly exceed, any proposed salary floor.
If the teams that owned their own networks had to give up a larger percentage of their revenue, maybe you could make the argument that a real revenue floor would be $100 million. What I'd love to see is the readl median revenue figure for a baseball team, and then use that number to calculate the floor. Good luck with that given how many tricks teams use to spread the revenue generated by the clubs between different entities, i.e., the full TV and stadium revenues aren't recorded by the clubs but by holding companies which then pay a portion to the clubs. Whatever the YES Network "pays" the Yankees, it's nowhere near what the station generates, but the station wouldn't exist without the Yankees.
Using 20 and 30 year time periods for comparing these leagues is either done out of ignorance or intentionally misleading. It lets him count the A's, Twins, Brewers, Pirates, Reds, and Royals as having World Series appearances while excluding the period in which massive salaries became such an issue (the last appearance I'm counting here is 91) Meanwhile, it counts the decades where the NFL was dominated by teams that would not be able to be kept together in the 21st century. 8 Superbowl winners in the last 10 years and 15 different teams appeared. There's been one dynasty in the last decade, and it's run by the smartest coach in the league.
As to the competence of the various franchises: in general, baseball teams are terribly run compared to other sports, especially football. There are managers out there who are actually idiots, and general managers have tended to resist statistical analysis. The A's have managed to be competitive sometimes by having a front office that is much better at its job than the competition. The same for the Twins, to a lesser degree.
For teams with low budgets and mediocre/poor management, there's little hope. A team with a large budget and poor management (Dodgers sort of, Cubs, Giants) can make the playoffs because nurturing your farm and drafting well is much more difficult than signing free agents and trading for salary dumps.
And, as has been pointed out, you can't make a salary floor that high without driving at least a fifth of the league out of business or taking far more money from other teams to pay for it.
I'm pretty sure payroll numbers only count the MLB roster. It doesn't take into account the expense of minor league affiliates. MLB is an entirely different beast than the NBA or NFL. The revenue disparity in MLB is gianormus.
Separate from that, there are 12 roster spots in the NBA. With that small a number it is not surprising that teams stay consistently competitive or uncompetitive for longer periods of time.
Sorry for the double post but this is so ridiculous I can't let it stand:
Now, what about the Yankee mindset? The Steinbrenners aren’t anywhere near as rich or as liquid as some other owners in baseball such as Carl Pohlad of the Twins. The difference is that the Steinbrenners have always invested in their team, always striven to put the best product possible out on the field.
--
So what if Pohlad has money? It doesn't come from the Twins. The Steinbrenners make money from their various Yankee associated endeavors. It makes sense for them to invest more in the team. If Pohlad invested as much in the Twins as the SBs invest in the Yankees then Pohlad wouldn't be rich for long. If the MLB business model is built on owners other than the Yankees becoming poor then it isn't a sustainable business model.
Simon 2/Dan 3, etc - re: MLB/NFL comparisons
While interesting on a theoretical level, the single biggest reason you can't compare year to year NFL turnover to MLB turnover has nothing to do with salary caps or revenue gaps. It has to do with sample size. Baseball teams play 162 games a year and NFL teams 16, and much as most fans/players/coaches hate to admit it, luck plays a much bigger role in any single game than acknowledged. (To use localized examples, the Patriots arguably missed the playoffs because they lost an OT coin flip to the Jets, and lost the Super Bowl partially because Asante Samuel didn't catch an easy INT and David Tyree made the greatest, luckiest catch in history.)
The WS champion Phillies went 8-10 against Florida. 7-11 vs. the Mets and 4-11 in interleague play. Meanwhile the Green Bay Packers just outscored their opponents by 2.5 points per game and went 6-10 while the New York Jets just fired a coach who went 9-7 and outscored his opponents by 3 points a game. Even flipping a coin 16 times, you are almost as likely (~45 vs. 55%)to end up with 10 or more Heads/Tails as you are to end up in the predicted 7-9 range. Extend the season to 162 games and quality will out.
Daniel W. Drezner is professor of international politics at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University.
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