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Assessing China's financial power
Your humble blogger has a rather long essay in the Fall 2009 issue of International Security. What's a lowly IPE scholar doing publishing in a high and mighty security journal? Assessing whether China's massive holdings of dollar-denominated assets is a big deal or not. The title may or may not give away my argument: "Bad Debts: Assessing China's Financial Influence in Great Power Politics."
Here's the abstract:
Commentators and policymakers have articulated growing concerns about U.S. dependence on China and other authoritarian capitalist states as a source of credit to fund the United States' trade and budget deficits. What are the security implications of China's creditor status? If Beijing or another sovereign creditor were to flex its financial muscles, would Washington buckle? The answer can be drawn from the existing literature on economic statecraft. An appraisal of the ability of creditor states to convert their financial power into political power suggests that the power of credit has been moderately exaggerated in policy circles. To use the argot of security studies, China's financial power increases its deterrent capabilities, but it has little effect on its compellence capabilities. China can use its financial power to resist U.S. entreaties, but it cannot coerce the United States into changing its policies. Financial power works best when a concert of creditors (or debtors) can be maintained. Two case studies—the contestation over regulating sovereign wealth funds and the protection of Chinese financial investments in the United States—demonstrate the constraints on China's financial power.
Read it and weep.






constraints to exert financial power
Apparently, China’s financial influence has expanded during the 30 years of implementing the reform and open-up policy. And it’s undoubted that China now has a louder say on the political stage due to their economic growth. But I agree with the author that there are still “constraints on China's financial power.” If we look at China’s growth carefully, we will find the export contributes to large part of the economic growth. And America is one of largest exporting destination for China. So, the two countries are closely interdependent. So, there are surely constraints for China to convert its financial power into political powers.
China
We would be well served to undestand that we do not rely on China or anyone else to fund our budget deficits.
The Treasury is the monoply supplier of USD. The federal gov't spends by debiting the Treasury's account at the FEderal Reserve and crediting a members account. Bond sales act to drain the reserves that result from government spending. The money that goes into Treasury bonds comes from government spending.
China's accumulation of USd is a result of their trade surplus and fixed exchange rate. If their trade surplus shrinks they need to buy less USD assets to maintain their currency peg - the USD they accumulate come from us.
As to funding the current account deficit - there is no such thing as funding a current account deficit.
If I buy a BMW we have a current account deficit in the amount of the price of the car. If BMW chooses to hold USD they buy USD assets. There is no funding of this deficit.
Convergence
The actual "China threat" is not about reserves its about long run economic convergence. They are making productive investments while we are disaving. If we don't innovate and develop new products faster than they can steal, reverse engineer and mass produce them, then we loose the military and political benefits that come with economic dominance. Gilpin all the way...