Thursday, January 20, 2011 - 9:13 AM
I see that The Powers That Be at FP are highlighting my foolhardy
unconventional wisdom about China's rise on their splash page.
Given the Hu-Obama summit and subsequent flurry of China commentary this week, it's worth highlighting the most absurd data point I cited in that article -- Forbes' magazine's decision to name Chinese President Hu Jintao the world's most powerful individual. Their explanation:
Paramount political leader of more people than anyone else on the planet; exercises near dictatorial control over 1.3 billion people, one-fifth of world's population. Unlike Western counterparts, Hu can divert rivers, build cities, jail dissidents and censor Internet without meddling from pesky bureaucrats, courts.
With these two sentences, the editors at Forbes managed to demonstrate an even shallower analysis of domestic politics than their Dinesh D'Souza cover story on Obama, which I didn't think was possible.
Let's review just a smattering of coverage about Hu Jintao's current ability to exercise iron-willed control over the Chinese bureaucracy, shall we? First, Gordon Chang in The New Republic:
Hu is sometimes called the world's most powerful person -- Forbes magazine gave him that accolade in November -- but he is a weak leader back home. Just how weak was revealed in two startling incidents within the past three weeks. On Tuesday, after the state-run Chengdu Aircraft Design and Research Institute performed the first flight test of the J-20 stealth fighter -- an unmistakable slap in the face of Defense Secretary Robert Gates, who was visiting Beijing at the time -- Hu professed not to know that the test had occurred....
If the Chinese leader was telling the truth, the test flight reveals a remarkable defiance of civilian authority by the flag officers of the People's Liberation Army, an obvious attempt to undermine the military cooperation Hu said he wanted to foster. Or if, as is more likely, Hu did in fact know about the timing of the test, he nonetheless said something that made himself appear inept. One has to wonder about a political system that creates incentives for its top leader to publicly imply that he is both ignorant and weak.
Either way, the unmistakable impression is that Hu seems to have much less influence than is often assumed. This could be due to the fact that China is in the middle of a transition to the next generation of political leaders -- led by Xi Jinping -- who are gaining in power as Hu loses his in the long run up to the actual handover.
Next, the Economist:
China's new raw-knuckle diplomacy is partly the consequence of a rowdy debate raging inside China about how the country should exercise its new-found power. The liberal, internationalist wing of the establishment, always small, has been drowned out by a nativist movement, fanned by the internet, which mistrusts an American-led international order.
Then there's Drew Thompson in -- hey, it's FP!!
China's national security decision-making process is opaque, and so this worrisome disconnect -- who knew what when -- is difficult to ascertain with certainty. It is highly improbable that Hu was unaware of the development of this major military advancement. His role as chairman of the Central Military Commission ensures that he is well briefed about major programs, and he doubtlessly approves their large budgets. What is not known is how much oversight and control the central government leadership in Beijing had over the PLA's decision-making process that lead to highly visible tests at the Chengdu air base just as Gates was visiting China.
And, finally, David Sanger and Michael Wines in the New York Times:
China is far wealthier and more influential, but Mr. Hu also may be the weakest leader of the Communist era. He is less able to project authority than his predecessors were -- and perhaps less able to keep relations between the world's two largest economies from becoming more adversarial.
Mr. Hu's strange encounter with Defense Secretary Robert M. Gates here last week -- in which he was apparently unaware that his own air force had just test-flown China's first stealth fighter -- was only the latest case suggesting that he has been boxed in or circumvented by rival power centers....
President Obama's top advisers have concluded that Mr. Hu is often at the mercy of a diffuse ruling party in which generals, ministers and big corporate interests have more clout, and less deference, than they did in the days of Mao or Deng Xiaoping, who commanded basically unquestioned authority....
"There is a remarkable amount of chaos in the system, more than you ever saw dealing with the Chinese 20 years ago," Brent Scowcroft, the former national security adviser and Mr. Gates's mentor, said Saturday. "The military doesn't participate in the system the way it once did. They are more autonomous -- and so are a lot of others."
Now, to be fair, it's possible that China is learning how to play the authoritarian equivalent of the two-level game. Even if that's true, however, China is playing that game very badly -- and they're playing it in policy arenas that are guaranteed to trigger a balancing coalition rather than accommodation.
There are a lot of other areas where your replacement-level American commentator is vastly exaggerating China's power. But Forbes' editors easily win the... the....
OK, contest for readers -- name the award that I want to give to writers who vastly exaggerate China's rise!
EXPLORE:AREA STUDIES, CHINA, ASIA/PACIFIC, AUTHORITARIAN CAPITALISM, AUTHORITARIAN GOVERNMENTS, BUREAUCRATIC POLITICS, CHINA
Award for inflating Chinese power
So many to choose from.
Easy to run with Chinese food, like General Tso's Power Estimate (the breading always ends up being too much); Moo Shu Power (since one always makes a mess); Pu-pu platter--because it is always too much.
Very nice, sneaking a baseball meme into the world of political commentary. How about the Sino-Situs award.
In honor of Disney´s tiny little dragon at Mulan who´s shadow appears huge in the light of the campfire!
Because no man has ever exaggerated as far as him to tell about China.
I'd offer the "Terrifying Efficiency" award or the "Ezra Vogel" award, in honor of overstating the power of the Soviet Union or Japan:
Richard Crossman, in "The God That Failed" referred to the "terrifying efficiency" of the Soviet economy.
Ezra Vogel's book "Japan as Number One," had quotes like this: "To expect Americans, who are accustomed to thinking of their nation as number one, to acknowledge that in many areas its supremacy has been lost to an Asian nation and to learn from that nation is to ask a good deal."
http://www.japanreview.net/review_is_japan.htm
...or the Inflating Panda Award. either one.
Because possibly a majority of articles I've seen on China seem to feel a need to mention dragons for no logical reason. Likewise, anyone who overestimates Indian and Russian power should awarded the Fierce Tiger and Bear awards.
On another note, we saw weakness in Hu well before the recent tests. By the early 2000s we knew that Hu had been having at least some trouble getting his people into positions. Even ignoring that, they should have realized that just being at the top doesn't mean you can have the kind of power they suggest. Distant parts of China show incredible autonomy from Beijing and there's a huge amount of unregulated work being done. Forbes messed up.
....The Robert Fogel Award
-$123 trillion dollar grant!
after Paul Kennedy of the "Rise and Fall of Great Powers" fame.
How far back does the precedent go?
Presumably if you wanted to use the Andrew Sullivan model, you could call it the Ishihara award. Except of course China can, in fact, say no, so maybe that's a bit too strict.
After the author of "When China Rules the World"
Since China's President Hu is so weak in his own country, why senator Harry Reid called him a dictator? Does he understand the meaning of "Dictator"?
absolute power?
Arguably, the US President has a lot more actual power than this guy does in the Chinese system, even in de jure terms. In de facto terms, the old Chinese saying of "the mountains are high and the emperor is far away" applies in spades, particularly outside the big cities.
So, I'll go Full Godwin and call this article a candidate for the "HItler Prize": after all, every world leader not directly elected is a Hitler clone by definition. There's no shades of gray...
Perhaps reach back to the Cold War:
"Sputnick Award"; "Missile Gap Award"?
Perhaps reach back in history for the more China specific inspired "Yellow Peril Award", though I may be right in thinking this one could go down badly/be misinterpreted.
Love the above suggestion of the "Inflated Panda Award", though just a straight "Panda Award" or "Giant Panda Award" may be deceptively cutting (being given it would definitely provoke a smirk rather than outrage).
"The Giant Panda Award" would be my suggestion.
Daniel W. Drezner is professor of international politics at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University.
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